
ERIK PUURA
Eesti pole maailma mastaabis suurt keskkonnakatastroofi veel kogenud ning meie olukorra analüüs ei eelda ka, et loodust väga kartma peaksime. Kõik meie ohud on meie endi poolt tekitatud – merel sõitvad naftatankerid, ohtlikud veosed raudteedel ja maanteedel, ohtlikud ained ladudes, reostavad tööstusettevõtted, ebasanitaarsed prügilad jne. Tormide ja üleujutuste mõju on olemas, aga orkaanidega võrreldes on see väike.
Meie kõige suuremaks probleemiks tulevikus aga võib osutuda see, et ehitame üles kogu oma elu sõltuvaks elektrist ja infosüsteemidest. Paljud inimesed hakkavad laamendama juba siis, kui arvuti 5 sekundi jooksul veebilehte või msn-i ei ava. Olete aga mõelnud, mis saab, kui mistahes põhjusel ei kao mõneks päevaks ära mitte üksnes internet, vaid ka elekter? On teie eluruum talvel endiselt soe? On teil sööki varutud või sularaha seda osta, kui keegi üldse veel müüb? Kas vett kraanist veel tuleb? Kas kanalisatsioon töötab? Kas bensiini on, et maale vanaema juurde pakku sõita – kui on selline koht üldse olemas? Ja kas juhul, kui infosüsteemid on rivist välja löödud, suudate jääda rahulikuks ning vastavalt tegutseda?
Loomulikult on väga tõenäoline, et sellist juhtumit Eestis kunagi ei tulegi. Aga olgu toodud loetelu sellst, mis ühel ameerika perel peaks kogu aeg varuks olema – sest näiteks Kalifornias varitsevad ühtaegu nii suurte maavärinate, metsatulekahjude, orkaanide kui ka terrorismi oht. Mõelge selle peale, sest selline on elu!
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Järgnevalt üleaade, missugused õpetused on välja jagatud ameeriklastele.
Kui toimub suur õnnetus, pole teil aega varusid osta ega otsida. Kui teil on need olemas, saate paremini hakkama.
KOMPLEKTI VALMISTAMINE
On kuus põhivaldkonda, mille varusid peab omama: vesi, toit, esmaabivahendid, riided ja magamisvahendid, tööriistad ja nendega seonduv varustus, ning erivahendid. Peamised asjad peaksid olema pakendatud nii, et vajaduse korral eluase hüljata saaks need kohe kaasa võtta – näiteks seljakottidega.
Toitu säilitage nii, et oleks tagatud säiluvus ning asendage säilivusaja ületanud toit õigeaegselt. Arvestama peaks vähemalt 3-päevase varuga. Väikelastele peavad olema loomulikult spetsiaalsed varud.
Ravimite tagavara – kui võtate rohtusid, siis nende varud, samuti tagavaraprillid või -läätsed.Meelelahutus – mängud ja raamatud, joonistustarbed.Dokumendid: passid, sünnitunnitused, haridust tõendavad dokumendid, abielutunnistused, krediitkaardite väljavõtted, eluaseme jm laenude dokumendid, ravidokumendid, kindlustusdokumenid jne.Esmaabivahendid.
Tööriistad, õmblusvahendid, raadio, patareid, sularaha, piirkonna kaardid, tulekustuti, nuga, tolmukaitsemaskid, köis, telk jne.
Järgnevalt täisloetelu inglise keeles.
Once a disaster hits, individuals won’t have time to shop or search for supplies. But if they’ve gathered supplies in advance, they can endure an evacuation or home confinement.
PREPARING THE KIT
When preparing a Disaster Supplies Kit, review the checklists provided. Gather the supplies that are listed. The items may be needed if confined to home. There are six (6) basics people should stock in their home: water, food, first aid supplies, clothing and bedding, tools and emergency supplies and special items. Place the supplies most likely needed for evacuation in an easy to carry container. These supplies are listed with an asterisk (*). Possible containers include a large, covered trash container, a backpack or a duffel bag.
FOOD STORAGE TIPS
Keep food in a dry, cool spot—a dark area if possible.
Keep food covered at all times.
Open food boxes or cans carefully so they can be closed tightly after each use.
Wrap cookies and crackers in plastic bags and keep them in tight containers.
Empty opened packages of sugar, dried fruits and nuts in air-tight containers to protect them from pests.
Inspect all food for signs of spoilage before use.
Use foods before they go bad and replace them with fresh supplies, dated with ink or marker.
Place new items at the back of storage area and older ones in the front.
WATER AND FOOD
Store water in plastic containers such as soft drink bottles. Avoid using containers that will decompose or break, such as milk containers or glass bottles. Food-grade plastic containers are most suitable for storing water.
A normally active person needs to drink at least two (2) quarts of water each day. Hot environments and intense physical activity can double that amount. Children, nursing-mothers and ill people will need more.
Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food. Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking and little or no water. If food must be heated, pack a can of sterno. Select food items that are compact and lightweight.
Never use empty bleach containers to store water. Clearly mark containers “drinking water only” with the current date.
ITEMS NEEDED
Dried beef Jerky
Vienna sausages
Corned beef hash
Ready to eat canned meats, fish, fruits and vegetables
Potatoes
White rice
Beans
Dry pasta
Flour
Baking powder
Sugar, salt, pepper
Dried spices
Instant coffee
Tea bags
Hot cocoa mix
Canned soups
Bouillon cubes
Soft drinks, fruit drinks, canned or boxed beverages (Note: Soft drinks with Nutrasweet don’t keep in hot summer weather. They must be kept cool or they lose their sweetness. I wouldn’t drink it after a period of hot weather if its left out in the heat)
Crackers
Cookies
Trail mix
Hard candy
Dried fruit
Fruit rolls
Canned fruit
Fruit drinks
Granola bars
Bottled water
Powdered milk
Cereals
Vegetable oil
Peanut butter
Honey, jelly
Energy food bars
Multi-vitamins
Meals ready to eat (MRE’S)
Food (elderly and special needs)
NOTE: If at all possible, have a garden growing during the growing season, so that if there is a power outage, you have an opportunity to eat fresh food from your own garden.
SPECIAL ITEMS For Babies
Canned formula
Diapers
Bottles
Powdered milk
Medications For Adults*
Insulin
Prescription drugs
Denture needs
Extra eye glasses
Contact lenses and supplies
Heart and High blood pressure medication
Entertainment — Games and books, crayons and paper or coloring books
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
(Keep these records in a waterproof container)
Birth certificates
Social security cards
Education records
Religious documents (baptisms, blessings, confirmation)
Marriage licenses
Credit card statements
Mortgage papers
Bank loans
Bank statements
Medical records
Dental records
Earnings and benefits estimates statements
Utility bills
Insurance policies
PET SUPPLIES
Food (canned or dry)
Chew toys
Vitamins
Beddings
Litter
FIRST AID KIT
Individuals should assemble a first aid kit for their home and their vehicle.
Thermometer
Iodine wipes
Zinc oxide
Chapstick
Decongestant
Multi-vitamins
Surgical blades
Saline solution
Insect repellent
Two (2) tongue blades (or you can get a whole pkg at a crafts store)
Butterfly sutures
Ammonia inhalants
Activated charcoal
Antibiotic ointment
Wet wipes
Burn gel (preparation H works wonders)
Soap
Latex gloves
Petroleum jelly
Alcohol pads
Needle
Scissors
Triangular Bandages
Anti-diarrhea medication
Hypo-allergenic adhesive tape
Snake bite kit
Tweezers
Antacid
Laxative
Assorted sizes of safety pins
2-inch and 4-inch sterile gauze pads
Antiseptic
Sunscreen
Oil of Cloves (for dental pain)
Medicine dropper
Aspirin or non-aspirin pain reliever
Syrup of Ipecac
Sterile roller bandages
Various sized sterile adhesive bandages
TOOLS AND SUPPLIES
Emergency preparedness manual*
Needles and thread
Mess kits, or paper cups*, plates and plastic utensils*
Non-electric can opener or utility knife*
Battery-operated radio and extra batteries, or a solar-powered radio*
Flash light and extra batteries*
Chemical light sticks
Cash or traveler’s checks*
Map of area (for locating shelters)*
Fire extinguisher (small canister, ABC type)
Waterproof matches
Hand axe
Camp shovel
Hammer
Fold-up saw
Pry bar
Dust masks
Roll of twine
Duct tape
Shut-off wrench, to turn off household gas and water
Wrenches
Tube tent
Cooking stove and fuel
Candles
Water purification tablets
Plastic storage containers
Siphon hose and pump
Plastic sheeting
Rope (100 feet, nylon) (can use parachute cord)
Razor blades
Pocket knife or survival knife
Whistle
Signal flare
Metal mirror
Compass
Paper and pencils
Aluminum foil
Solar blanket
Electrical kit
Electrical tape
Fish hooks
Fish and snare line
Sanitation supplies
Soap and liquid detergent
Personal hygiene items
Feminine supplies
Toilet paper and towelettes
Household chlorine bleach
Disinfectant
Plastic bucket with tight lid
Plastic garbage bag and ties for sanitation
NOTE: If you have an ill or elderly person in your family whose life depends on the electricity to be guaranteed 24 hours a day, be certain to have battery operated equipment or an electrical generator always ready for emergencies.
WHEN THE POWER GOES OUT
Check to see if neighbors have electricity. Perhaps the problem is a new fuse needed, or the circuit breaker may need to be reset. If there’s a problem, contact the utility company. Turn off major appliances to avoid overload when the power is restored. Don’t open the freezer or refrigerator doors. This will preserve what cold air is in there. Leave one light turned on to know when power is restored. Be alert for downed power lines. Don’t go near them. Report them to the utility company.
PREPARING FOR A POWER OUTAGE
If a storm warning is issued, or if there’s lightening, disconnect sensitive electronic equipment such as computers, television sets, and videocassette recorders to avoid damage to them. Keep an emergency kit in a handy location stocked with flashlights,candles, matches, a portable battery operated radio and extra batteries. Have a supply of drinking water.
CLOTHING AND BEDDING
*Include at least one complete change of clothing and footwear for each person.
Rain gear*
Sunglasses
Thermal underwear
Hat and gloves
Blankets or sleeping bags*
Emergency reflective blanket
Hand and body warm packs
KEEPING WARM DURING A WINTER POWER OUTAGE
Dress warmly. Eat high-energy food to generate body heat. Raisins, nuts or candy are a good start. Close off as many rooms as possible. Heat only one room, and center everyone’s activity in that one room. Select a room on the warm side of the house away from prevailing winds if possible.
Keep doors and curtains closed. Use the fireplace if there is one. If not using it, be sure to close the flue. If heating with an open flame, be sure to ventilate properly. Cross ventilate by opening a window an inch on each side of the room. It’s better to let in some cold air than to risk carbon monoxide poisoning.
KEEPING COOL DURING A SUMMER POWER OUTAGE
Keep drapes drawn. Stay in the lowest part of the building, usually the basement. Conserve water. Stop watering lawns and gardens. If there isn’t any water stored as part of the emergency kit, it’s a good idea to store some water in a bathtub or other container. Keep access to the freeze and refrigerator at a minimum to preserve the cold air.
Never use empty bleach containers to store water. Clearly mark containers “drinking water only” with the current date.
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